南沙海域海底浅层第四系地震地层结构与地质意义          下载免费PDF全文

陈洁  万荣胜  张金鹏  韩冰  苏世龙 《地球物理学报》2018,61(1):242-249

科技进步使得地震采集数据量及其精度实现质的飞跃，南沙海域的地震调查，采用国际先进水平的等离子震源，获得地震剖面精度优于3 m局部甚至可在1 m之内，为科学研究、工程、浅层资源、地质灾害预警等研究奠定基础.在南沙第四系识别出了七个地震反射界面，确定500 ms至海底沉积区间内地震层序与三期海平面升降并与冰期、间冰期对应，典型地震剖面展示第四纪至少有三套完整的具有三角洲顶积层、前积层、底积层的地震相证据，与全球的第四纪海平面的变化一致.精细的浅层地震结构表明：南沙的地质现象丰富，浅层断层非常发育，下切河谷、泥石流、滑坡等地质遗迹的形成的地震相清晰，是地质活动频繁的地区.  相似文献   

Study on the Moment Magnitude of Small and Moderate Earthquakes Located in the Inner Mongolia Region     

Liu Fang  Zhang Fan  Li Bin  Na Re 《中国地震研究》2018,32(1):53-63

Based on digital seismic waveform data from Inner Mongolia Digital Seismic Network, the source spectrum parameters of 182 small and moderate earthquakes from January, 2009 to September, 2016 are derived, and the seismic moment M₀ and moment magnitude M_W of the earthquakes are calculated. The M_L-M_W relationship and the relationship between stress drop and magnitude are obtained using the linear regression method. It is clear that incorporating the moment magnitude into the seismic quick report catalog and the official earthquake catalog can enrich earthquake observation report content, thus providing better service for earthquake emergency and earthquake scientific research.  相似文献   

Validation of the SCEC Broadband Platform simulations for tall building risk assessments considering spectral shape and duration of the ground motion     

Nenad Bijelić  Ting Lin  Greg G. Deierlein 《地震工程与结构动力学》2018,47(11):2233-2251

Earthquake simulation technologies are advancing to the stage of enabling realistic simulations of past earthquakes as well as characterizations of more extreme events, thus holding promise of yielding novel insights and data for earthquake engineering. With the goal of developing confidence in the engineering applications of simulated ground motions, this paper focuses on validation of simulations for response history analysis through comparative assessments of building performance obtained using sets of recorded and simulated motions. Simulated ground motions of past earthquakes, obtained through a larger validation study of the Southern California Earthquake Center Broadband Platform, are used for the case study. Two tall buildings, a 20‐story concrete frame and a 42‐story concrete core wall building, are analyzed under comparable sets of simulated and recorded motions at increasing levels of ground motion intensity, up to structural collapse, to check for statistically significant differences between the responses to simulated and recorded motions. Spectral shape and significant duration are explicitly considered when selecting ground motions. Considered demands include story drift ratios, floor accelerations, and collapse response. These comparisons not only yield similar results in most cases but also reveal instances where certain simulated ground motions can result in biased responses. The source of bias is traced to differences in correlations of spectral values in some of the stochastic ground motion simulations. When the differences in correlations are removed, simulated and recorded motions yield comparable results. This study highlights the utility of physics‐based simulations, and particularly the Southern California Earthquake Center Broadband Platform as a useful tool for engineering applications.  相似文献   

Characteristics and Analysis of the Seismic Damage from the M_S7.0 Jiuzhaigou Earthquake in the Area between Songpan and Jiuzhaigou     

Yan Zhaolun  Peng Xiaobo  Li Shuguang  Hong Haichun 《中国地震研究》2018,32(2):173-188

This paper expounds the features of the buildings and analyzes the seismic disaster characteristics of the Jiuzhaigou M_S7. 0 earthquake in the area between Songpan and Jiuzhaigou. New buildings (especially the frame structure) had good anti-seismic performance,but brick-wood structures and brick-concrete structures sustained large amounts of damage in the earthquake. By computing the seismic damage index,we found that the seismic damage index of the frame structure was far less than that of civil structures and brick-wood structures. The seismic damage index of frame structures were all zero in the Ⅵ area,and increased rapidly with the increase of intensity,but the increasing range was reduced. We also discussed how to evaluate the intensity in areas where there was a lack of buildings or there was only one structure type,which can be referenced in future field work.  相似文献   

天津滨海爆炸事件检测与相对定位研究     

邓莉  谭毅培  刘双庆  马婷  卞真付  曹井泉 《地震》2018,38(3):158-169

2015年8月12日发生在天津滨海新区的化学品爆炸事故造成了严重的人员伤亡和财产损失。 基于区域地震台网记录的数字化连续地震波形资料, 对爆炸发生过程的精细分析是深入调查爆炸事故发生原因、 快速估计事故所造成灾害与损失的重要手段之一。 本文首先利用震相到时和质点运动轨迹信息对记录波形中能量较强的震相性质进行分析, 再通过模板匹配算法检测爆炸过程中是否存在两次大爆炸以外的小爆炸事件, 并对检测方法的效能进行检验, 最后依据波形互相关得到的震相到时差估计两次较大爆炸的相对位置。 计算结果显示区域台网记录波形中能量最大的体波震相可能为沿沉积层顶部传播的Pg震相, 垂直向能量最强的面波震相为Rg震相, 而能量较弱的初至震相可能为结晶基底首波; 爆炸过程中除了两次能量较大的爆炸以外还能检测到两次较小的爆炸事件, 其当量相当于约M_L0.5的地震; 基于两次大爆炸Pg震相相对到时信息得到第二次大爆炸发生在第一次大爆炸的北西侧, 两次爆炸位置距离约50~55 m。 本文研究结果为爆炸事故的调查分析提供了地震学依据。  相似文献   

高精度直升机机载LiDAR在高速公路改扩建勘测中的应用可行性研究          下载免费PDF全文

郑伟安 《山东国土资源》2018,34(8)

机载LiDAR在公路勘测方面的用途日益广泛。该文对直升机机载LiDAR在高速公路改扩建中的应用技术路线可行性进行了研究论证,从地面控制测量、点云数据获取、点云数据处理、成果应用等多个方面进行了阐述,通过分析LiDAR点云数据在5种不同地面控制点布设方案校正下的点云数据精度,论证了利用地面控制点对直升机机载LiDAR点云数据进行平面和高程校正的可行性。  相似文献   

Analytical study of ground motion caused by seismic wave propagation across faulted rock masses          下载免费PDF全文

J.C. Li  N.N. Li  S.B. Chai  H.B. Li 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2018,42(1):95-109

Studying seismic wave propagation across rock masses and the induced ground motion is an important topic, which receives considerable attention in design and construction of underground cavern/tunnel constructions and mining activities. The current study investigates wave propagation across a rock mass with one fault and the induced ground motion using a recursive approach. The rocks beside the fault are assumed as viscoelastic media with seismic quality factors, Q_p and Q_s. Two kinds of interactions between stress waves and a discontinuity and between stress waves and a free surface are analyzed, respectively. As the result of the wave superposition, the mathematical expressions for induced ground vibration are deduced. The proposed approach is then compared with the existing analysis for special cases. Finally, parametric studies are carried out, which includes the influences of fault stiffness, incident angle, and frequency of incident waves on the peak particle velocities of the ground motions.  相似文献   

Review on the study of topographic effect on seismic ground motion          下载免费PDF全文

Hong Zhou 《地震科学（英文版）》2018,31(2):110-116

Topographic effect study is a very important research topic in seismology, seismic engineering,earthquake engineering, engineering earthquake construction and engineering seismology. This paper focuses on its present development status. Post-earthquake investigation has found that the existence of topography caused more serious earthquake damage. The actual seismographs also recorded the topographic amplification effect of 6 to 7 times and even more than 10 times. Numerical simulation is an important technique to study topographic effect, which complements the lack of observed records. However researches on 3-D topographic effect are not enough and need to be studied deeper. To find the main influence factors and the quantitative relationship between topography and ground motion are required very urgently. Obviously the achievements not only can be applied in the earthquake resistant design, but also can provide the quantitative pre-earthquake disaster prediction and quantitative post-earthquake disaster evaluation.  相似文献   

常Q滞弹性介质地震波动数值模拟——时域本构优化逼近          下载免费PDF全文

谢志南  郑永路  章旭斌 《地球物理学报》2018,61(10):4007-4020

在地震波动模拟中计入常Q滞弹性阻尼，可有效降低模拟波形的误差.就时域有限差分和有限元模拟而言，常基于广义标准线性体建立阻尼介质的时域本构逼近.广义标准线性体由若干标准线性体并联得到，增加标准线性体个数能有效提高模拟精度，但计算量及计算存储将成倍增长.目前尚未有普适的标准线性体个数优化取值方案.本文基于广义标准线性体参数的非线性优化拟合方法，详细分析了时域本构逼近误差的影响因素，清楚揭示了逼近误差仅取决于频带宽度，与频带上下限取值无关这一特性，阐明了构建具有普适性标准线性体个数优化取值方案的可行性.论证了波形模拟精度主要取决于波传播距离与模拟波长的比值以及标准线性体的个数取值.综合考虑上述两个控制因素，结合在波动正反演问题中广为采纳的波形时频误差衡量准则，对不同Q值介质给出了标准线性体个数优化取值表.进一步，本文提出采用不同个数标准线性体以近似不同Q值的阻尼介质时域本构，解决了以往波动数值模拟中统一采用相同个数标准线性体而导致的计算量及计算存储浪费或模拟精度低下等问题，并基于数值实验验证了这一方法的精度.本文工作对推进滞弹性介质波动数值模拟及其在全波形反演问题中的应用具有理论价值和实践意义.  相似文献   

强夯振动加速度的量测及现场试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李盼盼  王家鼎  谷天峰  刘亚明 《地震工程学报》2018,40(1):166-170

结合延安新区强夯加固地基工程,进行强夯振动加速度测试现场试验。选取填方区场地,结合地形设计监测方案,以测试强夯波沿水平方向和斜坡的传播规律。在选定试验段的某级填方场地上布置多组加速度传感器,运用多个8通道24位高速采集卡记录强夯振动加速度在平面和斜坡的传播和衰减过程,探讨强夯振动波沿水平面和斜坡的传播规律以及能级对振动加速度的影响。结果表明:径向和竖向加速度值均随与夯点距离的增大而减小;在与夯击点距离相同处,强夯振动波沿水平方向传播的径向和竖向加速度值要大于沿斜坡方向;随着能级的增大,强夯产生的夯击波增强,在与夯击点相同距离处产生的径向和竖向加速度均明显增大。  相似文献